Pengembangan Bahan Ajar IPS SD Berbasis Model 4-P dan Reciprocal Teaching untuk Meningkatkan Keterampilan Berpikir Kritis dan Kolaboratif Mahasiswa Calon Guru

Abstract

This study is motivated by the limited research on the integration of instructional design models and collaborative teaching strategies in the development of social studies teaching materials for primary teacher education, despite its significant impact on preparing future educators with 21st-century skills. The study aims to develop and evaluate a learning material for Social Studies in primary education using the 4-P Model integrated with Reciprocal Teaching to enhance the critical thinking and collaboration skills of pre-service teachers. The research adopts a qualitative research and development (R&D) design, with a sample of 25 PGSD (Primary School Teacher Education) students selected through purposive sampling. Data was collected using interviews, observations, validation sheets, and learning outcomes tests, and analyzed through descriptive qualitative analysis supported by percentage-based descriptive statistics. The findings reveal that the developed teaching materials are valid, practical, and effective, showing improvements in students’ critical thinking and collaboration skills after implementation. These results align with the research objectives and support the constructivist theory and collaborative learning framework. The study concludes that integrating the 4-P Model with Reciprocal Teaching provides a pedagogically sound approach to enhancing essential skills in teacher education. The implications encompass theoretical contributions, such as enriching the literature on blended instructional models, and practical recommendations for teacher educators to adopt more integrated, student-centered learning designs. Additionally, this study identifies future research opportunities on the scalability of such models in diverse educational settings.